The Criminalisation of Witchcraft Accusations and Violence in Ghana: Addressing the Social, Economic, and Gendered Dimensions of a Persistent Phenomenon

Abstract (250 Word Limit)

Witchcraft accusations and violence have long been a serious issue in Ghana, especially in the Northern regions where such beliefs are more entrenched. The tragic lynching of 90-year-old Madam Akua Denteh underscores the disturbing and gendered nature of these accusations, with elderly women frequently being targeted and subjected to severe abuses in so-called 'witch camps'.

These accusations often come from community leaders, religious figures, or family members, driven by superstition and a lack of understanding about life's hardships. While some have proposed criminalising these accusations and the violence that accompanies them, it is clear that the issue is deeply rooted in complex social, economic, and political factors that go beyond what legislation alone can address.

This paper offers a detailed look at witchcraft beliefs and related violence in Ghana, examining how these issues play out on international, regional, and domestic levels. It also includes case studies from Papua New Guinea, India, Malawi, and South Africa to provide a broader perspective. The paper considers whether legal measures, including the criminalisation of witchcraft, are effective and critiques the proposed legislation on witchcraft, offering policy recommendations. It argues for a more comprehensive approach that combines legal reforms with education, community engagement, and support for those most affected.

From a global and regional perspective, the key lessons include the need for holistic approaches that go beyond legislation, the critical role of education and awareness, and the importance of balancing legal reforms with respect for cultural practices. Encouraging mediation and avoiding the outright criminalisation of traditional practices are also vital.

In conclusion, tackling witchcraft accusations and violence in Ghana requires a multi-faceted strategy. Integrating legal measures with broader social and economic interventions, and involving all relevant stakeholders, is essential to effectively combat these harmful practices, uphold human rights, and foster social cohesion.